Cubital tunnel syndrome, often colloquially referred to as ‘cell phone elbow’ or ‘ulnar nerve entrapment,’ is a condition characterized by increased pressure on the ulnar nerve, one of the three main nerves in the arm. This nerve passes through the cubital tunnel, a tunnel of muscle, ligament, and bone, situated on the inner side of the elbow. When this tunnel becomes constricted, it can put pressure on the ulnar nerve, leading to the symptoms associated with cubital tunnel syndrome.

The Causes and Occurrences of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

     The cause of cubital tunnel syndrome can often be linked to prolonged periods of elbow bending, which can stretch and irritate the ulnar nerve. Activities such as holding a phone to the ear, sleeping with the elbow bent, or repetitive bending and straightening of the elbow joint, as seen in some sports and professions, can potentially contribute to the development of this condition.

     Aside from these behaviors, anatomical factors, such as bone spurs, cysts, or swelling inside the cubital tunnel, can compress the ulnar nerve. In some cases, the ulnar nerve may not stay in its place and may snap back and forth over a bony bump as the elbow is moved, causing irritation.

Diagnosing Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

     The diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome begins with a comprehensive clinical evaluation, including a detailed patient history and a physical examination. During the physical exam, a doctor may use a technique called the Tinel’s sign, where they tap over the nerve to see if it causes a tingling sensation in the fingers. Another test involves bending the patient’s elbow for a period to see if it elicits symptoms.

     Further diagnostic methods include nerve conduction studies to measure how well the ulnar nerve is functioning and to help identify where it’s being compressed. Occasionally, imaging studies like an X-ray or MRI may be used to rule out other potential causes of elbow pain, such as arthritis or a fracture.

Non-Surgical and Surgical Treatment Options

     Treatment for cubital tunnel syndrome is typically dependent on the severity of the symptoms and the extent of the nerve compression. In many cases, non-surgical treatment options are the first line of approach.

     Non-surgical treatments may include avoiding activities that require prolonged elbow bending, wearing a splint or padded elbow brace at night to keep the elbow in a straight position, or doing nerve gliding exercises to help the ulnar nerve move smoothly through the cubital tunnel. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be recommended to help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

     If non-surgical treatments are ineffective or if the nerve compression is severe, surgery might be considered. Several different surgical procedures can alleviate pressure on the ulnar nerve, including cubital tunnel release, ulnar nerve anterior transposition, and medial epicondylectomy. The specific surgical approach depends on the patient’s individual circumstances, the severity of the compression, and the surgeon’s preference and experience.

     Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and functional limitation in the hand and arm. If you suspect you have cubital tunnel syndrome, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms, improve hand and arm function, and prevent further nerve damage.