Scoliosis in Children: When to Consider Surgical Treatment

Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine and typically develops during childhood. While mild forms of scoliosis often do not require treatment, more severe cases may require surgical intervention. So, when should surgical treatment be considered for scoliosis in children?

Symptoms of Scoliosis

The symptoms of scoliosis typically become noticeable during a child’s growth spurt. Symptoms include uneven shoulder heights, the head not being centered over the body, a more pronounced curve in one side of the waist, and a more pronounced rib prominence on one side. As scoliosis progresses, the spinal curvature becomes more apparent and can cause pain in the child.

Deciding on Surgical Treatment

Surgical treatment for scoliosis is generally considered a last resort and is usually contemplated in the following situations:

If the curvature is 40-50 degrees or more: This degree of curvature can often lead to pain and problems with heart and lung function.
If the curvature is progressing rapidly: Scoliosis usually progresses as the child grows. If the curvature is progressing rapidly, surgical treatment may be considered.
If other treatments are ineffective: Surgery is generally considered when other treatments such as physical therapy or bracing have failed to produce satisfactory results.
If the child’s quality of life is affected: If scoliosis is affecting the child’s daily activities, sleep quality, or overall quality of life, surgical treatment may be considered.

Surgical Treatment Options

Scoliosis surgery typically involves straightening and stabilizing the spine using metal rods and screws. This procedure is usually performed after the child has completed their growth, but in some cases, it may be done earlier. Surgical treatment generally stops the progression of scoliosis and improves the child’s quality of life. However, like any surgical procedure, scoliosis surgery comes with risks and potential complications. Therefore, when deciding on surgical treatment, the child’s overall health, quality of life, and the potential risks and benefits of treatment options should be taken into account.

The recovery process after surgery usually varies from a few weeks to several months. Children typically get up and start walking within the first few days after surgery. Pain management, physical therapy, and regular follow-up visits are essential parts of the postoperative recovery process.

In conclusion, surgical treatment for scoliosis should be carefully evaluated based on the severity of the condition, the child’s overall health, and quality of life. Surgical treatment is generally considered as a last resort and usually contemplated when other treatment options have failed. When deciding on surgical treatment, it is important to have a detailed discussion with a pediatric neurologist or orthopedic specialist.